Online Etymology Dictionary

corps (n.): late 13c., cors "body," from Old French cors "body, person, corpse, life" (9c.), from Latin corpus "body" (see corporeal). Sense in English evolved from "dead body" (13c.) to "live body" (14c.) to "body of citizens" (15c.) to "band of knights" (mid-15c.). The modern military sense (1704) is from French corps d'armée (16c.), picked up in English during Marlborough's campaigns.

French restored the Latin -p- in 14c., and English followed 15c., but the pronunciation remained "corse" at first and corse persisted as a parallel formation. After the -p- began to be sounded (16c. in English), corse became archaic or poetic only.
corpse (n.): 1540s, variant spelling of corps (q.v.). The -p- originally was silent, as in French, and with some speakers still is. The terminal -e was rare before 19c. Corpse-candle is attested from 1690s.
corpulence (n.): late 15c. "body size" (either large or small, with adjective), from Old French corpulence (14c.) "corpulence; physical size, build," from Latin corpulentia "grossness of body," noun of quality from corpulentus (see corpulent). Restriction to "bulkiness, obesity" began late 16c. Related: Corpulency.
corpulent (adj.): late 14c., from Old French corpulent "stout, fat," from Latin corpulentus "fleshy, fat," from corpus "body" (see corporeal) + -ulentus "full of." Leigh Hunt was sent to prison for two years for calling the Prince Regent corpulent in print in 1812.
corpus (n.): (plural corpora), late 14c., from Latin corpus, literally "body" (see corporeal). The sense of "body of a person" (mid-15c. in English) and "collection of facts or things" (1727 in English) both were present in Latin. Corpus Christi (late 14c.), feast of the Blessed Sacrament, is the Thursday after Trinity Sunday. Also used in various medical phrases, e.g. corpus callosum (1706, literally "tough body"), corpus luteum (1788, literally "yellow body").
corpus delicti: 1832, Latin, literally "body of the offense;" not "the murder victim's body," but the basic elements that make up a crime; in the case of a murder, including the body of the murdered person.
corpuscle (n.): 1650s, "any small particle," from Latin corpusculum "a puny body; an atom, particle," diminutive of corpus "body" (see corporeal). First applied to blood cells 1845. Related: Corpuscular.
corral (n.): 1580s, from Spanish corral, from corro "ring," Portuguese curral, of uncertain origin. Perhaps ultimately African, or from Vulgar Latin *currale "enclosure for vehicles," from Latin currus "two-wheeled vehicle," from currere "to run."
corral (v.): 1847, from corral (n.); meaning "to lay hold of, collar," is U.S. slang from 1860. Related: Corraled.
correct (v.): mid-14c., "to set right, rectify" (a fault or error), from Latin correctus, past participle of corrigere "to put straight, reduce to order, set right;" in transferred use, "to reform, amend," especially of speech or writing, from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + regere "to lead straight, rule" (see regal). Originally of persons; with reference to writing, etc., attested from late 14c. Related: Corrected; correcting.
correct (adj.): 1670s, from French correct "right, proper," from Latin correctus (see correct (v.)). Related: Correctly; correctness.
correction (n.): mid-14c., "action of correcting," from Old French correccion (13c.) "correction, amendment; punishment, rebuke," from Latin correctionem (nominative correctio), noun of action from past participle stem of corrigere (see correct (v.)). Meaning "chastisement" is from late 14c. Meaning "an instance of correction" is from 1520s. House of correction was in a royal statute from 1575.
corrective: 16c., adjective and noun, from French correctif, from Latin correct-, past participle stem of corrigere (see correct (v.).
correlate (n.): 1640s, perhaps a back-formation from correlation.
correlate (v.): 1742, back-formation from correlation, or else a verbal use of the noun. Related: Correlated; correlating; correlative.
correlation (n.): 1560s, from Middle French corrélation, from cor- "together" (see com-) + relation (see relation).
correspond (v.): 1520s, "to be in agreement, to be in harmony with," from Middle French correspondre (14c.) or directly from Medieval Latin correspondere, from cor- (see com-) "together, with each other" + respondere "to answer" (see respond).

Originally in Medieval Latin of two things in mutual action, but by later Medieval Latin it could be used of one thing only. In English, sense of "to be similar" (to) is from 1640s; that of "to hold communication with" is from c.1600; specifically "to communicate by means of letters" from 1640s (in mid-18c. it also could mean "have sex"). Related: Corresponded; corresponding.
correspondence (n.): early 15c., "harmony, agreement," from Medieval Latin correspondentia, from correspondentem (nominative correspondens), present participle of correspondere (see correspond). Sense of "communication by letters" is first attested 1640s.
correspondent (adj.): early 15c., "having an analogous relationship" (to), a sense taken up since 19c. by corresponding; from Medieval Latin correspondentem, present participle of correspondere (see correspond).
correspondent (n.): "one who communicates with another by letters," 1620s, from correspondent (adj.). The newspaper sense is from 1711.
THE life of a newspaper correspondent, as may naturally be supposed, is one of alternate cloud and sunshine--one day basking in an Andalusian balcony, playing a rubber at the club on the off-nights of the Opera, being very musical when the handsome Prima Donna sings, and very light fantastic toeish when the lively Prima Ballerina dances; another day roughing it over the Balkan, amid sleet and snow, or starving at the tail of an ill-conditioned army, and receiving bullets instead of billets-doux. ["New Monthly Magazine," vol. 95, 1852, p.284]
corresponding (adj.): 1570s, past participle adjective from correspond. Not common until 19c., when it took on the adjectival function of correspondent. Related: Correspondingly (1836).
corridor (n.): 1590s, from French corridor (16c.), from Italian corridore "a gallery," literally "a runner," from correre "to run," from Latin currere (see current (adj.)). Originally of fortifications, meaning "long hallway" is first recorded 1814.
corrigendum (n.): 1850, from Latin corrigendum (plural corrigenda) "that which is to be corrected," neuter gerundive of corrigere "to correct" (see correct (v.)).
corrigible (adj.): mid-15c., from Middle French corrigible, from Medieval Latin corrigibilis "that which can be corrected," from Latin corrigere (see correct). Related: Corrigibility.
corroborate (v.): 1530s, "to give (legal) confirmation to," from Latin corroboratus, past participle of corroborare "to strengthen, invigorate," from com- "together" or "thoroughly" (see com-) + roborare "to make strong," from robur, robus "strength," (see robust).

Meaning "to strengthen by evidence, to confirm" is from 1706. Sometimes in early use the word also has its literal Latin sense, especially of medicines. Related: Corroborated; corroborating; corroborative.
corroboration (n.): mid-15c., "strengthening, support," from Late Latin corroborationem (nominative corroboratio), noun of action from past participle stem of Latin corroborare "to strengthen" (see corroborate). Meaning "confirmation" attested by 1768.
corrode (v.): c.1400, from Old French corroder (14c.) or directly from Latin corrodere "to gnaw to bits, wear away," from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + rodere "to gnaw" (see rodent). Related: Corroded; corroding.
corrosion (n.): c.1400, from Middle French corrosion or directly from Latin corrosionem (nominative corrosio), noun of action from past participle stem of corrodere (see corrode).
corrosive (adj.): late 14c., from Old French corrosif (13c.), from corroder (see corrode).
corrugate (v.): 1620s; implied earlier as a past participle adjective (early 15c.), from Latin corrugatus, past participle of corrugare "to wrinkle very much," from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + rugare "to wrinkle," of unknown origin.
corrugated (adj.): 1620s, "wrinkled" (of skin, etc.), past participle adjective from corrugate. Meaning "bent into curves or folds" (of iron, cardboard, etc., for elasticity and strength) is from 1853.
corrugation (n.): 1520s, from Latin *corrugationem, noun of action from past participle stem of corrugare (see corrugate).
corrupt (adj.): mid-14c., from Old French corropt "unhealthy, corrupt; uncouth" (of language), and directly from Latin corruptus, past participle of corrumpere "to destroy; spoil," figuratively "corrupt, seduce, bribe," from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + rup-, past participle stem of rumpere "to break" (see rupture (n.)). Related: Corruptly; corruptness.
corrupt (v.): mid-14c., "contaminate, impair the purity of," from Latin corruptus, past participle of corrumpere (see corrupt (adj.)). Late 14c. as "pervert the meaning of," also "putrefy." Related: Corrupted; corrupting.
corruptible (adj.): mid-14c., of material things, from Old French corroptible (14c.), from Late Latin corruptibilis "liable to decay, corruptible," from past participle stem of corrumpere (see corrupt). Of persons, from 1670s.
corruption (n.): mid-14c., of material things, especially dead bodies, also of the soul, morals, etc., from Latin corruptionem (nominative corruptio), noun of action from past participle stem of corrumpere (see corrupt). Of public offices from early 15c.; of language from late 15c.
corsage (n.): late 15c., "size of the body," from Old French cors "body" (see corpse); the meaning "body of a woman's dress, bodice" is from 1818 in fashion plates translated from French; 1843 in a clearly English context. Sense of "a bouquet worn on the bodice" is 1911, American English, apparently from French bouquet de corsage "bouquet of the bodice."
corsair (n.): 1540s, from Middle French corsaire (15c.), from Provençal cursar, Italian corsaro, from Medieval Latin cursarius "pirate," from Latin cursus "course, a running," from currere "to run" (see current (adj.)). Meaning of the Medieval Latin verb evolved from "course" to "journey" to "expedition" to an expedition specifically for plunder.
corse (n.): mid-13c., from Old French cors, from Latin corpus "body" (see corps for history and development). Archaic from 16c.
corset (n.): c.1300, "kind of laced bodice," from Old French corset (13c.) "bodice, tunic," diminutive of cors "body" (see corps). Meaning "stiff supporting and constricting undergarment" is from 1795.
cort (n.): obsolete form of court.
cortege (n.): 1640s, "train of attendants," from French cortège (16c.), from Italian corteggio "retinue," from corte "court," from Latin cohortem (see court (n.)).
cortes (n.): 1660s, legislative houses of Spain or Portugal, from Spanish and Portuguese plural of corte, from Latin cortem (see court (n.)).
cortex (n.): 1650s, "outer shell, husk," from Latin cortex "bark of a tree" (see corium). Specifically of the brain, first recorded 1741.
cortical (adj.): 1670s, from Modern Latin corticalis, from cortex "bark of a tree" (see cortex).
corticosteroid (n.): by 1945, from cortico-, word-forming element from comb. form of Latin cortex "bark of a tree" (see cortex), applied since c.1890 to various surface structures of plants, animals, or organs + steroid. So called because they are produced in the adrenal cortex. Related: Corticosterone.
cortisol (n.): hydrocortisone, 1953, from cortisone + -ol.
cortisone (n.): 1949, coined by its discoverer, Dr. Edward C. Kendall, shortening of chemical name, 17-hydroxy-11 dehydrocorticosterone, ultimately from Latin corticis (genitive of cortex; see cortex). So called because it was obtained from the "cortex" of adrenal glands; originally called Compound E (1936).
corundum (n.): "very hard mineral," 1728, from Anglo-Indian, from Tamil kurundam "ruby sapphire" (Sanskrit kuruvinda), of unknown origin.
coruscate (v.): 1705, from Latin coruscatus, past participle of coruscare "to vibrate, glitter," of unknown origin. Related: Coruscated; coruscating.