Online Etymology Dictionary

stoled (adj.): "wearing a stole," 1540s; see stole.
stolid: 1560s (implied in stolidity), from Middle French stolide (16c.), from Latin stolidus "insensible, dull, brutish," properly "unmovable," related to stultus "foolish," from PIE root *stel- "to put, stand" (see stall (n.1)).
stolon (n.): "a shoot, sucker," c.1600, from Latin stolonem (nominative stolo), cognate with Greek stele (see stele).
stoma (n.): "orifice, small opening in an animal body," 1680s, Modern Latin, from Greek stoma (genitive stomatos) "mouth," from PIE root *stom-en-, denoting various body parts and orifices (cf. Avestan staman- "mouth" (of a dog), Hittite shtamar "mouth," Middle Breton staffn "mouth, jawbone," Cornish stefenic "palate"). Surgical sense is attested from 1937.
stomach (n.): c.1300, "internal pouch into which food is digested," from Old French estomac, from Latin stomachus "stomach, throat," also "pride, inclination, indignation" (which were thought to have their origin in that organ), from Greek stomachos "throat, gullet, esophagus," literally "mouth, opening," from stoma "mouth" (see stoma). Applied to the openings of various internal organs, especially the stomach, then to the stomach itself. Some 16c. anatomists tried to correct the sense back to "esophagus" and introduce ventricle for what we call the stomach. Meaning "belly, midriff, part of the body that contains the stomach" is from late 14c. Figurative senses in Latin extended into Middle English (cf. "relish, inclination, desire," 1510s). Stomach ache is from 1763.
stomach (v.): "to tolerate, put up with," 1570s, from stomach (n.), probably in reference to digestion; earlier sense was opposite: "to be offended at, resent" (1520s), from Latin stomachari "to be resentful," from stomachus (n.) in its secondary sense of "pride, indignation." Related: Stomached; stomaching.
stomatitis (n.): 1859, from Greek stomat- "mouth" (see stoma) + -itis.
stomp (v.): 1803, variant of stamp. Related: Stomped; stomping. Noun meaning "lively social dance" is recorded from 1912 in jazz slang.
stone (n.): Old English stan, used of common rocks, precious gems, concretions in the body, memorial stones, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz (cf. Old Norse steinn, Danish steen, Old High German and German stein, Gothic stains), from PIE *stai- "stone," also "to thicken, stiffen" (cf. Sanskrit styayate "curdles, becomes hard;" Avestan stay- "heap;" Greek stear "fat, tallow," stia, stion "pebble;" Old Church Slavonic stena "wall").

Slang sense of "testicle" is from mid-12c. The British measure of weight (usually equal to 14 pounds) is from late 14c., originally a specific stone. Stone's throw for "a short distance" is attested from 1580s. Stone Age is from 1864. To kill two birds with one stone is first attested 1650s.
stone (adj.): intensifying adjective, 1935, first recorded in black slang, probably from earlier use in phrases like stone blind (late 14c., literally "blind as a stone"), stone deaf, etc., from stone (n.). Stone cold sober dates from 1937.
stone (v.): c.1200, "to pelt with stones," from stone (n.). Related: Stoned; stoning.
stoned (adj.): "drunk, intoxicated with narcotics," 1930s slang, from stone (v.); stoner "stuporous person" is from 1960s.
Stonehenge (n.): early 12c., Stanenges, literally "stone gallows," perhaps so called from fancied resemblance to old-style gallows with two posts, with the second element related to the verb hang. Some antiquarians suggest the notion may be of "supported in the air, that which hangs in the air" (cf. henge-clif for Latin præruptum), in reference to the lintel stones, but the order of the elements and the inflexion is against this. An ancient name for it was the Giant's Dance.
stonemason (n.): 1758, from stone (n.) + mason. Another name for the profession was hard-hewer (15c.).
stonewall (n.): Old English stanwalle (n.); see stone (n.) + wall (n.). As nickname of Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson (1824-1863), bestowed 1861 on the occasion of the First Battle of Bull Run, supposedly by Gen. Bernard Bee, urging his brigade to rally around Jackson, who was "standing like a stone wall." Bee was killed in the battle; the account of the nickname appeared in Southern newspapers within four days of the battle.
On the face of it this account has no character of authenticity, and the words ascribed to Bee smack less of the battlefield than of the editorial sanctum. ... It seems inherently probable that something was said by somebody, during or immediately after the battle, that likened Jackson or his men or both to a stone wall. [R.M. Johnston, "Bull Run: Its Strategy and Tactics," Boston, 1913]
stonewall (v.): "to obstruct," 1914, from metaphoric use of stone wall for "act of obstruction" (1876). Related: Stonewalled; stonewalling.
stony (adj.): Old English stanig; see stone (n.) + -y (2).
stood: past tense of stand (q.v.).
stooge (n.): 1913, "stage assistant," of uncertain origin, perhaps an alteration of student (with the mispronunciation STOO-jent), in sense of "apprentice." Meaning "lackey, person used for another's purpose" first recorded 1937, perhaps influenced by the Three Stooges film comedy act, which had been appearing in movies since 1930, starting as "Ted Healy and His Stooges."
stool (n.): Old English stol "seat for one person," from Proto-Germanic *stolaz (cf. Old Frisian stol, Old Norse stoll, Old High German stuol, German Stuhl "seat," Gothic stols "high seat, throne"), from PIE *sta-lo-, locative of root *sta- "to stand" (cf. Lithuanian pa-stolas "stand," Old Church Slavonic stolu "stool;" see stet).

Originally used of thrones (cf. cynestol "royal seat, throne"); change of meaning began with adoption of chair from French, which relegated stool to small seats without arms or backs, then "privy" (early 15c.) and thence to "bowel movement" (1530s).
stool pigeon (n.): "police informer," 1868, American English; earlier "one who betrays the unwary (or is used to betray them)," 1821, originally a decoy bird (1812); said to be from decoys being fastened to stools to lure other pigeons. But perhaps related to stall "decoy bird" (c.1500), especially "a pigeon used to entice a hawk into the net" (see stall (n.2)). Also cf. pigeon.
stoop (v.): "bend forward," Old English stupian "to bow, bend" (cognate with Middle Dutch stupen "to bow, bend"), from Proto-Germanic *stup-, from PIE *(s)teu- (see steep (adj.)). Figurative sense of "condescend" is from 1570s. Sense of "swoop" is first recorded 1570s in falconry.
stoop (n.): "raised open platform at the door of a house," 1755, American and Canadian, from Dutch stoep "flight of steps, doorstep, stoop," from Middle Dutch, from Proto-Germanic *stopo "step" (see step).
stop (v.): Old English -stoppian (in forstoppian "to stop up, stifle"), a general West Germanic word (cf. West Frisian stopje, Middle Low German stoppen, Old High German stopfon, German stopfen "to plug, stop up," Old Low Frankish (be)stuppon "to stop (the ears)"), but held by many sources to be a borrowing from Vulgar Latin *stuppare "to stop or stuff with tow or oakum" (cf. Italian stoppare, French étouper "to stop with tow"), from Latin stuppa "coarse part of flax, tow." Plugs made of tow were used from ancient times in Rhine valley. Barnhart, at least, proposes the whole Germanic group rather might be native, from a base *stoppon.

Sense of "bring or come to a halt" (mid-15c.) is from notion of preventing a flow by blocking a hole, and the word's development in this sense is unique to English, though it since has been widely adopted in other languages; perhaps influenced by Latin stupere "be stunned, be stupefied." Stop-and-go (adj.) is from 1926, originally a reference to traffic signals.
stop (n.): late 15c., from stop (v.).
stope (v.): 1778, "to cut in stopes" (1747), apparently cognate with step (n.). Related: Stoped.
stopgap: 1680s, from stop + gap.
stopover: 1881, from stop + over.
stoppage (n.): mid-15c., from stop + -age.
stopper (n.): "glass plug for a bottle neck," 1660s, agent noun from stop (v.).
stopwatch (n.): also stop-watch, 1737, from stop (v.) + watch (n.).
storage (n.): 1610s, from store (v.) + -age.
store (v.): mid-13c., "to supply or stock," from Old French estorer "erect, furnish, store," from Latin instaurare "restore," from in- "in" + -staurare, from a noun cognate with Greek stauros "pole, stake" (see steer (v.)). The meaning "to keep in store for future use" (1550s) probably is a back-formation from store (n.).
store (n.): c.1300, "that with which a household, camp, etc. is stored," from store (v.). Sense of "sufficient supply (of anything)" is attested from late 15c. The meaning "place where goods are kept for sale" is first recorded 1721 in American English (British prefers shop). Stores "articles and equipment for an army" is from 1630s. In store "laid up for future use" (also of events, etc.) is recorded from late 14c. Store-bought is attested from 1952, American English; earlier store-boughten (1883).
storefront: 1880 (n.); 1938 (adj.), from store (n.) + front.
storehouse (n.): mid-14c., from store (n.) + house (n.).
storied (adj.): late 15c., "ornamented with scenes from history," from past participle of verb form of story (n.1). Meaning "celebrated in history or legend" is from 1725.
stork (n.): Old English storc, related to stear "stiff, strong" (see stark), from Proto-Germanic *sturkaz (cf. Old Norse storkr, Middle Dutch storc, Old High German storah, German Storch "stork"). Perhaps so called with reference to the bird's stiff or rigid posture. But some connect the word to Greek torgos "vulture."

Old Church Slavonic struku, Russian sterch, Lithuanian starkus, Magyar eszterag, Albanian sterkjok "stork" are Germanic loan-words. The fable that babies are brought by storks is from German and Dutch nursery stories, no doubt from the notion that storks nesting on one's roof meant good luck, often in the form of family happiness.
storm (n.): Old English storm, from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (cf. Old Norse stormr, Old Saxon, Middle Low German, Middle Dutch, Dutch storm, Old High German and German sturm). Old French estour "onset, tumult," Italian stormo are Germanic loan-words. Figurative (non-meteorological) sense was in late Old English.

Storm-door first recorded 1878; storm-water is from 1879; storm-window is attested from 1824. Storm surge attested from 1929.
storm (v.): of the wind, "to rage, be violent," c.1400, from storm (n.). Military sense (1640s) first used by Oliver Cromwell. Related: Stormed; storming.
storm-trooper (n.): "member of the Nazi Sturmabteilung," 1933, from storm (v.) + trooper (also see Sturmabteilung). Storm-troops (German sturmtruppen) is from 1917, introduced by the German military in World War I.
stormy (adj.): c.1200, from storm (n.) + -y (2). Figurative use by mid-14c. Related: Storminess.
story (n.1): "account of some happening," early 13c., "narrative of important events or celebrated persons of the past," from Old French estorie, from Late Latin storia and Latin historia "history, account, tale, story" (see history). Meaning "recital of true events" first recorded late 14c.; sense of "narrative of fictitious events meant to entertain" is from c.1500. Not differentiated from history till 1500s. As a euphemism for "a lie" it dates from 1690s. Meaning "newspaper article" is from 1892. Story-teller is from 1709. Story-line first attested 1941. That's another story "that requires different treatment" is attested from 1818. Story of my life "sad truth" first recorded 1938.
story (n.2): "floor of a building," c.1400, from Anglo-Latin historia "floor of a building" (c.1200), also "picture," from Latin historia (see history). Perhaps so called because the fronts of buildings in the Middle Ages often were decorated with rows of painted windows.
storyboard (n.): 1942, from story (n.1) + board (n.1).
storytelling (n.): 1709, from story (n.1) + present participle of tell (v.). Related: Storyteller (1709).
stoup (n.): late 14c., "jug, jar," from Old Norse staup "cup" (cognate of Old English steap), from Proto-Germanic *staupo- (cf. Middle Low German stop, Dutch stoop, Old High German stouf, German Stauf).
stour (n.): c.1300, "armed conflict, struggle with adversity or pain," from Anglo-French estur, from Old French estour, from Proto-Germanic *sturmoz "storm" (see storm). Became obsolete, revived by Spenser and his followers in various senses; also surviving as a Scottish and Northern English word meaning "a (driving) storm" or "uproar, commotion."
stout (adj.): c.1300, "proud, valiant, strong," from Old French estout "brave, fierce, proud," earlier estolt "strong," from West Germanic *stult- "proud, stately" (cf. Middle Low German stolt "stately, proud," German stolz "proud, haughty, arrogant, stately"), from PIE root *stel- "to put, stand" (see stall (n.1)). Meaning "strong in body, powerfully built" is attested from late 14c., but has been displaced by the (often euphemistic) meaning "thick-bodied, fat and large," which is first recorded 1804. Original sense preserved in stout-hearted (1550s).
stout (n.): "strong, dark-brown beer," 1670s, from stout (adj.).