Online Etymology Dictionary

surfing (n.): 1955, verbal noun from surf (v.).
surge (n.): late 15c., "fountain, stream," probably from Middle French sourge-, stem of sourdre "to rise, swell," from Latin surgere "to rise," contraction of surrigere "to rise," from sub "up from below" + regere "to keep straight, guide" (see regal). Meaning "high, rolling swell of water" is from 1520s; figurative sense of "excited rising up" (as of feelings) is from 1510s.
surge (v.): 1510s, from surge (n.). Related: Surged; surging.
surgent (adj.): 1590s, from Latin surgere "to rise" (see surge (n.)). In psychology from 1933.
surgeon (n.): c.1300, from Anglo-French surgien (13c.), from Old French serurgien, cirurgien, from cirurgie "surgery," from Latin chirurgia, from Greek kheirourgia, from kheirourgos "working or done by hand," from kheir "hand" (see chiro-) + ergon "work" (see urge (v.)).
surgery (n.): c.1300, from Old French surgerie, contraction of serurgerie, from Late Latin chirurgia (see surgeon).
surgical (adj.): 1770, alteration of chirurgical; see surgery + -ical. Related: Surgically.
surgical strike: There is no such thing. Don't use unless in a quote, then question what that means. [Isaac Cubillos, "Military Reporters Stylebook and Reference Guide," 2010]
surly (adj.): 1560s, "lordly, majestic," alteration of Middle English sirly "lordly, imperious" (14c.), from sir. The meaning "rude, gruff" is first attested 1660s. For sense development, cf. lordly, and German herrisch "domineering, imperious," from Herr "master, lord."
surmise (v.): c.1400, "to charge, allege," from Old French surmis, past participle of surmettre "to accuse," from sur- "upon" (see sur-) + mettre "put," from Latin mittere "to send" (see mission). Meaning "to infer conjecturally" is recorded from 1700. Related: Surmised; surmising.
surmise (n.): early 15c., legal, "a charge, a formal accusation;" see surmise (v.). Meaning "inference, guess" is first found in English 1580s.
surmount (v.): late 14c., "to rise above, go beyond," from Old French surmounter "rise above," from sur- "beyond" (see sur-) + monter "to go up" (see mount (v.)). Meaning "to prevail over, overcome" is recorded from late 14c. Related: Surmounted; surmounting.
surmountable (adj.): late 15c., from Anglo-French sormuntable; see surmount + -able.
surname (n.): early 14c., "name, title, or epithet added to a person's name," from sur "above" (see sur-) + name (n.); modeled on Anglo-French surnoun "surname" (early 14c.), variant of Old French surnom, from sur "over" + nom "name."

An Old English word for this was freonama, literally "free name." Meaning "family name" is first found late 14c. Hereditary surnames existed among Norman nobility in England in early 12c., among common people began to be used 13c., increasingly frequent until near universal by end of 14c. The process was later in the north of England than the south. The verb is attested from 1540s.
surpass (v.): 1550s, from Middle French surpasser "go beyond, exceed, excel," from Old French sur- "beyond" (see sur-) + passer "to go by" (see pass (v.)). Related: Surpassed; surpassing.
surplice (n.): "loose white robe," late 13c., from Old French surpeliz, from Medieval Latin superpellicium "a surplice," literally "an over fur garment," from Latin super "over" (see super-) + Medieval Latin pellicium "fur garment, tunic of skins," from Latin pellis "skin" (see film (n.)). So called because it was put on over fur garments worn by clergymen to keep warm in unheated medieval churches.
surplus (n.): late 14c., from Old French surplus, from Medieval Latin superplus "excess, surplus," from Latin super "over" super + plus "more" (see plus).
surprise (n.): late 14c., "unexpected attack or capture," from Middle French surprise "a taking unawares," from noun use of past participle of Old French surprendre "to overtake," from sur- "over" (see sur-) + prendre "to take," from Latin prendere, contracted from prehendere "to grasp, seize" (see prehensile). Meaning "something unexpected" first recorded 1590s, that of "feeling caused by something unexpected" is c.1600. Meaning "fancy dish" is attested from 1708.
A Surprize is ... a dish ... which promising little from its first appearance, when open abounds with all sorts of variety. [W. King, "Cookery," 1708]
Surprise party originally was a military detachment (1841); festive sense is attested from 1858.
surprise (v.): late 14c., from Anglo-French surprise, fem. past participle of surprendre (see surprise (n.)). Related: Surprised; surprising.
surprised (adj.): 1610s, "attacked unexpectedly," past participle adjective from surprise (v.). Meaning "excited by something unexpected" is from 1882.
surprisingly (adv.): 1660s, from surprising (see surprise (v.)) + -ly (2).
surreal (adj.): 1936, back-formation from surrealism.
surrealism (n.): 1927, from French surréalisme (from sur- "beyond" + réalisme "realism"), coined c.1917 by Guillaume Apollinaire, taken over by Andre Breton as the name of the movement he launched in 1924 with "Manifeste de Surréalisme." Taken up in English at first in the French form; the anglicized version is from 1931.
De cette alliance nouvelle, car jusqu'ici les décors et les costumes d'une part, la chorégraphie d'autre part, n'avaient entre eux qu'un lien factice, il este résulté, dans 'Parade,' une sorte de surréalisme. [Apollinaire, "Notes to 'Parade' "]
surrealistic (adj.): 1930, from surrealist (see surrealism) + -ic.
surreality (n.): 1936, from surreal + -ity.
surrender (v.): early 15c., "to give (something) up," from Old French surrendre "give up, deliver over" (13c.), from sur- "over" (see sur-) + rendre "give back" (see render). Reflexive sense of "to give oneself up" (especially as a prisoner) is from 1580s. Related: Surrendered; surrendering.
surrender (n.): early 15c., legalese, "a giving up" (of an estate, land grant, interest in property, etc.), from Anglo-French surrendre infinitive used as a noun, from Old French surrendre "give up, deliver over" (see surrender (v.)).
surreptitious (adj.): mid-15c., from Latin surrepticius "stolen, furtive, clandestine," from surreptus, past participle of surripere "seize secretly," from sub "from under" (hence, "secretly") + rapere "to snatch" (see rapid). Related: Surreptitiously.
surrey (n.): "two-seated, four-wheeled pleasure carriage," 1895, from Surrey cart, an English pleasure cart (introduced in U.S. 1872), named for Surrey, England, where it first was made.
Surrey: Old English suþrige (722), literally "Southerly District" (relative to Middlesex).
surrogacy (n.): 1811; see surrogate + -cy.
surrogate (n.): early 15c., from Latin surrogatus, past participle of surrogare "put in another's place, substitute," from sub "in the place of, under" + rogare "to ask, propose" (see rogation). Meaning "woman pregnant with the fertilized egg of another woman" is attested from 1978 (from 1972 of animals; surrogate mother in a psychological sense is from 1971).
surround (v.): early 15c., "to flood, overflow," from Middle French soronder "to overflow, abound, surpass, dominate," from Late Latin superundare "overflow," from Latin super "over" (see super-) + undare "to flow in waves," from unda "wave" (see water (n.); and cf. abound). Sense of "to shut in on all sides" first recorded 1610s, influenced by figurative meaning in French of "dominate," and by sound association with round. Related: Surrounded; surrounding.
surroundings (n.): "environment," 1861, from surround (v.).
surtax (n.): "extra tax," 1881, from French surtaxe, from Old French sur- "over" (see sur-) + taxe "tax" (see tax (n.)).
surveil (v.): 1904, back-formation from surveillance. Sometimes also surveille. Related: Surveilled; surveilling.
surveillance (n.): 1802, from French surveillance "oversight, supervision, a watch," noun of action from surveiller "oversee, watch," from sur- "over" + veiller "to watch," from Latin vigilare, from vigil "watchful" (see vigil). Seemingly a word of the Terror in France.
survey (v.): late 14c. "to consider, contemplate" (implied in surveyance), from Old French surveeir, from Medieval Latin supervidere "oversee" (see supervise). Meaning "examine the condition of" is from mid-15c. That of "to take linear measurements of a tract of ground" is recorded from 1540s. Related: Surveyed; surveying.
survey (n.): late 15c., survei, "oversight, supervision," from survey (v.). The meaning "act of viewing in detail" is from 1540s. Meaning "systematic collection of data on opinions, etc." is attested from 1927.
surveyor (n.): late 14c., from Anglo-French surveiour, from Middle French surveor, from Old French verb surveeir (see survey (v.)).
survivable (adj.): "capable of being survived," 1961, from survive + -able.
survival (n.): 1590s, from survive + -al (2). Phrase survival of the fittest was used by Spencer in place of Darwin's natural selection.
survivalist (n.): "one who practices outdoor survival skills" (often in anticipation of apocalypse or in fear of government), 1985, from survival + -ist.
survive (v.): early 15c., "act or condition of one person outliving another," originally in the legal (inheritance) sense, from Anglo-French survivre, Old French souvivre, from Latin supervivere "live beyond, live longer than," from super "over, beyond" (see super-) + vivere "to live" (see vivid). Related: Survived; surviving.
surviver (n.): c.1600, rare nativized agent noun from survive.
survivor (n.): c.1500, in the legal sense of "one who outlives another," agent noun from survive. Meaning "one who has a knack for pulling through adversity" is attested from 1971. Survivor syndrome is first recorded 1968.
Susan: fem. proper name, from French Susanne, from Late Latin Susanna (see Susanna). A top-10 name for girls born in the U.S. 1945-1968 (peaking at #2 from 1957-60).
Susanna: fem. proper name, from Latin Susanna, from Greek Sousana, from Hebrew Shoshannah, literally "a lily." One of the women that attended Jesus in his journeys.
susceptible (adj.): c.1600 (susceptive in the same sense is recorded from 1540s), from Late Latin susceptibilis "capable, sustainable, susceptible," from Latin susceptus, past participle of suscipere "sustain, support, acknowledge," from sub "up from under" + capere "to take" (see capable). Related: Susceptibility.
susceptive (adj.): mid-16c., from Medieval Latin susceptivus, from suscept-, stem of suscipere (see susceptible). Related: Susceptively; susceptiveness.
sushi (n.): 1893, from Japanese.